This collective theoretical study, edited by Anđelka Milić, results from the project “Development and Perspectives of Sociological Theory” and aims at critically examining the sociological opus of Talcott Parsons. Even though he was a contemporary classic, Parsons was comparatively little known and used in Serbian/Yugoslav sociology. The book explicitly aims at filling the gap caused by an ideologically motivated marginalization of this towering sociological author. The value and importance, as well as limits of Parsonian theory are evaluated in the following aspects: controversies over Parsons’ status and legacy; modernity and social change; stratification; economy; sociology of professions; and the relation of individual to society.