The study was conducted in Serbia and Montenegro at the dawn of the 3^rd millennium in order to empirically probe, in a systematic and objective way, the condition of the women’s movement. The focus is on active women’s groups as the backbone of the modern women’s movement, while attention is also paid to activists, prominent women in the local milieu, and to the attitudes of the local public opinion on women’s groups and feminism. The research project is based on feminist epistemology, which does not stop merely at the objective description of the situation but also seeks to enable the insights achieved, as women’s critical self-awareness and self-knowledge, to feed into the practice of the movement and reflection of its participants.