The range of topics addressed by contemporary urban sociology, in the broadest sense, encompasses questions about the scale and modalities of the influence of macro-processes on the shaping of urban policy, the development of cities, and urban everyday life, as well as the resulting socio-spatial inequalities and the strategies for mitigating or overcoming them, whether they are generated from above (within the field of urban policy) or from below (through the everyday practices of urban actors), and about urban movements and struggles for more just, cleaner, and healthier cities. Around these questions, theoretical concepts diversify, while epistemological and ontological dilemmas emerge in understanding the city as a distinct object of sociological analysis. It is precisely an overview of the most important approaches and themes in contemporary urban sociology that constitutes the main aim of this manuscript, with a primary focus on problematizing urban policy as the domain through which micro- and macro-processes in the city intersect and materialize. In contextual terms, attention is directed primarily toward European cities, with particular reference to the (post-)socialist experience and Belgrade, while the unavoidable inclusion of a globalization perspective also partly encompasses the experiences of cities in the United States and in developing countries.