This is a comprehensive treatment of the topic of parenthood from a sociological perspective. Parenthood is viewed as the phenomenon significantly conditioned by place and time, properties of everyday life, women’s position, characteristics of marriage and family, institutional and broader societal environment, and the personalities of parents themselves. It is always located in a particular population with more or less regular fertility patterns, which in turn affect the emergence of specific features of parenthood. The study results from a quantitative analysis of data and argues for an affirmation of the sociological perspective as the only one capable of understanding biological reproduction in contemporary societies.